Diabetes sufferers might soon be able to take pills to treat their
condition, rather than inject themselves with insulin, following
ground-breaking research from Australian scientists.
The research led by the University of Adelaide is testing safer and
more effective drugs to treat type-II diabetes which will reduce
side-effects and insulin injections.
Two studies published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and
BBA-General Subjection on Friday found that two new drugs could be more
efficient in reducing blood sugar.
Successfully developing new treatments for type-II diabetes would be
considered a major health coup, with insulin injections often proving
unsafe and ineffective.
The two new drugs work by targeting a protein receptor known as
PPARgamma found in fat tissue throughout the body to lower blood sugar
by increasing sensitivity to insulin and changing the metabolism of fat
and sugar.
The first study, undertaken in partnership with The Scripps Research
Institute in the U.S., described 14 versions of a drug which worked by
partially activating PPARgamma, an outcome which resulted in fewer side
effects than full activation.
The second study, in collaboration with South Australia’s Flinders
University, used X-ray crystallography to demonstrate how a drug,
rivoglitazone, binds with the PPARgamma receptor.
Rivoglitazone fully activates PPARgamma but produced fewer side effects than other drugs that activate the same way.
Type-II diabetes is characterised by a resistance to insulin and
subsequent high blood sugar, usually resulting from lifestyle factors
like poor diet and lack of exercise.
John Bruning from the University’s School of Biological Sciences and
Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing said developing safer and
more efficient drugs is essential.
“Prevalence of type two diabetes in Australia alone has more than
tripled since 1990, with an estimated cost of six billion AU dollars
(4.5 billion U.S. dollars) a year,” he said in a media release on
Friday.
Bruning said injecting insulin is problematic, and it is “highly
desirable’’ for people to come off the injections as it’s difficult to
get the levels right.
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