File Photo
Many
families do not have the economic means to purchase food, or food is
less available due to lack of farming and markets in the northeastern
part of Nigeria due to Boko Haram menace.
“We are hungry”. This is currently the commonest expression in the northeastern part of Nigeria.
Amongst the displaced are women and children from Bama, a severely
conflict- affected town and hard to reach area in Borno state. Most have
lost their husbands and children. They have nothing to eat and are
often forced to beg on the street. People are very hungry in Lambu
settlement, old Maiduguri.
In the heat of the insurgency orchestrated by Boko Haram, several
families fled with their families from Marte, a town hundreds of
kilometers away to the settlement. Now they are very hungry and
urgently need food in order not to starve to death.
No opportunity to farm
One of the inhabitants, Mohammad, and his family have been
displaced for two years. There is land but no opportunity to farm. As a
farmer Mohammed could grow food, but he has to rely on assistance.
Ibrahim and his wife came to Maiduguri three years ago, but would go
back if it was safe to do so. There isn’t enough to feed him and his
family. Alone and with little or nothing to eat, Kaltima has been in
Maiduguri for about two months. She fled there with her six children
after her husband was killed by Boko Haram.
Kaltima knits caps to earn some money, but it is not enough. She
and her six children live on one meal a day. Often there are days there
is nothing to eat. Abubakr, who originally came from Benisheikh, fled to
Maiduguri four years ago with his family. He used to be a driver,
driving trucks with commercial goods to cities in northeast Nigeria.
Last year, Abubakr’s family received livelihood assistance from
Norwegian Refugee Council, NRC. He received training on how to grow
vegetables, and maintain a garden. “NRC’s assistance changed my life”, he says.
“I learned to grow crops, and it is a success. I now grow
onions, sweet potatoes, okra, maize and pepper. I sell in the market and
my family uses a part to cook meals. We have some income, and less
worries about food. We are fortunate,” Abubakr told the NRC, Food security is one of the main challenges in Northeast Nigeria at present.
Many families do not have the economic means to purchase food, or food is less available due to lack of farming and markets.
Intervention: The Norwegian Refugee Council, NRC,
Food Security and Livelihoods programme provides cash for food
assistance, in addition to long term impact interventions such as
vegetable crop production activities (providing seeds for gardening) and
small business training. The worsening food crisis in the northeast of
Nigeria, is likely to further deteriorate before the end of August this
year, moving the region closer to famine. Food security experts have
predicted a rise in the number of people facing crisis, emergency and
famine conditions from 4.7 million to 5.2 million in the affected region
including at least 50,000 people that would be affected by famine-like
conditions. by the end of August. According to data from the latest UN
Food and Agriculture Organisation Global Early Warning report, the
potential impact of the ongoing violence has restricted livelihood
activities and caused the disruption of normal supply to markets in the
Lake Chad Basin, thus significantly affecting the availability and
access to food. From the report, the influx and movement of IDPs, rising
food prices and localised conflict between pastoralists and farmers are
likely to continue driving food insecurity.
The ongoing rainy season until the end of October is expected to
exacerbate humanitarian access already greatly restricted in the
conflict affected areas. The dire humanitarian situation and a risk of
famine exist in the northeast Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin region,
including Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states. About 3.2 million people are
in crisis food situation in the three northeastern states, 1.4 million
people in emergency and 44,000 people in famine.
In addition, 450,000 children are at risk of Severe Acute
Malnutrition, SAM, of which over 314,500 will receive treatment in 2017.
Largest humanitarian crisis: The report notes that
although Nigeria has registered an above-average cereal harvest at
national level in 2016, the continued conflict has resulted in
widespread disruption in agricultural and marketing activities.
Currently one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world, the Lake
Chad Basin crisis has pushed 6.9 million people to become severely food
insecure and caused the displacement of millions. But due to a lack of
access to communities because of insecurity, the exact number of people
dying of hunger is impossible to confirm.
Graphic picture: Giving a graphic picture of the
situation, Jackie Okao, the NRC’s Protection and Advocacy Adviser,
decried the prevailing food crisis situation in the northeast. “Looking
at the issue broadly, there are 2.7million peraons currently affected in
the northeast and the number is expected to go up to 5.4 million by the
end of August. “People have not been able to farm due to
insecurity, and lack of access to the famlands, and also because the
people are constrained to remain in the urban areas, which are now
congested.”
Okao said although many of those that fled in the heat of the Boko
Haram attacks have have started returning, lack of access to farm
implements is not helping matters. The involvement of the NRCin
distributing of food vouchers is helping out, but cannot reach all those
affected. Highlighting the constraints of the response programmes, Okao
noted that there is a huge gap in the financial support for 2017.
“We need to increase overall funding and reduce constrains to
access, but due to ongoing military actions, we do not know the number
of people trapped in the hard-to-reach areas
“We have roads that are 100 per cent cut off, we cannot access those areas except through helicopters and with military escort.”
Short term solution: According to Okao: “International
NGOs are here on request from the government and we are all
stakeholders to support those in need. However, in terms of making
things better, what can be done in the short term is to address the
funding gap.
“For the humanitarian response plan, we only have 28 per cent
of the food security budget funding, we need to address the gap of 72
per cent. The Federal government of Nigeria needs to come in and see
how to ensure that humanitarian agencies can reach everyone in need
including those trapped in the inacessible areas.”
Further, Okao said because the rainy season is coming to an end,
the supply of seedlings and crops may not immediately address the
situation on ground.
“But we can look at how to enage in ventures like backyard gardens
for quick crops which would enable quick-to-produce food for the IDPs
and those in need.
Country Director of the NRC in Nigeria, Cheick Ba, said: “Armed
conflict and violence are driving this food crisis. Insecurity is
preventing people from farming, and restricting access to local markets.
“This is depleting grain stocks and pushing food prices beyond
people’s reach, with devastating consequences for affected families,
including 450,000 acutely malnourished children.”
According to the NRC, the May to August lean season is well
underway in Nigeria, a time when food stocks are traditionally low and
families rely on stockpiled supplies.
With many farmers unable to cultivate their land for up to three
years already, families have little reserves to draw from. Further, Ba
remarked: “We were forced to reduce the food basket we provide to
families this month, to make up for the increased price of rice beans
and millet. Innocent families are bearing the brunt of this brutal
conflict, even after they have escaped horrific violence.”
Noting that “this is a man-made conflict that needs a man-made solution”, Ba avowed that providing people with food is only a short term solution.
“The crisis will only end when the conflict has been resolved
and communities can safely return to their land to rebuild their lives.” Currently the food security and agriculture cluster is 76 percent underfunded.
An estimated 8.5 million people need humanitarian assistance in
Nigeria even as about two million people are suffering from acute
malnutrition, including 450,000 children.
For the eighth consecutive year, violence has led to a total of
over 1.9 million people being displaced from their homes in the
northeast Nigeria.
Borno State, the epicentre of the crisis, hosts 80 per cent of the displaced people, over half of whom are children.
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