A new DNA analysis of Ancient Egyptians shows they were more Turkish and European than African.
The team of scientists has recovered and analysed ancient DNA from
Egyptian mummies dating from approximately 1400 BC to 400 AD – and they
discovered they were genetically similar to people from the
Mediterranean.
Researchers from the University of Tuebingen and the Max Planck
Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, conducted the first
study to establish a proper genetic database to study the ancient past.
According to Mirror, the study, published in Nature Communications,
found that modern Egyptians share more ancestry with Sub-Saharan
Africans than ancient Egyptians did.
They also discovered ancient Egyptians were found to be most closely related to ancient people from the Near East.
Egypt is a promising location for the study of ancient populations, because it was a world-wide trading hub.
Recent advances in the study of ancient DNA present an intriguing
opportunity to test existing understandings of Egyptian history using
ancient genetic data.
Max Planck Director for the Science of Human History and senior
author Johannes Krause said: “The potential preservation of DNA has to
be regarded with scepticism.
“The hot Egyptian climate, the high humidity levels in many tombs and
some of the chemicals used in mummification techniques, contribute to
DNA degradation and are thought to make the long-term survival of DNA in
Egyptian mummies unlikely.”
The ability of the authors of this study to extract nuclear DNA from
such mummies and to show its reliability is a breakthrough that opens
the door to further direct study of mummified remains.
The team sampled 151 mummified individuals from the archaeological
site of Abusir el-Meleq, along the Nile River in Middle Egypt.
The study also came from two anthropological collections hosted and
curated at the University of Tuebingen and the Felix von Luschan Skull
Collection at the Museum of Prehistory of the Staatliche Museen zu
Berlin, Stiftung Preussicher Kulturbesitz.
In total, the authors recovered mitochondrial genomes from 90 individuals, and genome-wide datasets from three individuals.
They were able to use the data gathered to test previous hypotheses
drawn from archaeological and historical data, and from studies of
modern DNA.
Prof Alexander Peltzer, from the University of Tuebingen, said: “In
particular, we were interested in looking at changes and continuities in
the genetic makeup of the ancient inhabitants of Abusir el-Meleq.
“We wanted to test if the conquest of Alexander the Great and other
foreign powers has left a genetic imprint on the ancient Egyptian
population.”
The team wanted to determine if the investigated ancient populations
were affected at the genetic level by foreign conquest and domination
during the time period under study, and compared these populations to
modern Egyptian comparative populations.
The study found that ancient Egyptians were most closely related to
ancient populations in the Levant (modern day Syria, Jordan, Israel and
Lebanon), and were also closely related to Neolithic populations from
the Anatolian Peninsula and Europe.
Fellow researcher Wolfgang Haack, group leader at the Max Planck
Institute, added: “The genetics of the Abusir el-Meleq community did not
undergo any major shifts during the 1,300 year timespan we studied,
suggesting that the population remained genetically relatively
unaffected by foreign conquest and rule.”
The data shows that modern Egyptians share approximately eight per
cent more ancestry on the nuclear level with Sub-Saharan African
populations than with ancient Egyptians.
They are proud that they managed to prove Egyptian mummies can be a
reliable source of ancient DNA, and can greatly contribute to a more
accurate and refined understanding of Egypt’s population history.
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