Modern dairy technology
Nigeria
relies heavily on dairy imports to bridge the gap between local milk
production and total milk consumption estimated to be 1.3 million tonnes
with the government spending an estimated $1.3billion annually on
importation of dairy products into the country.
According to National Agricultural
Sample Survey, 2011, Nigeria as a country, is endowed with an estimated
cattle population of 19.5 million, in addition to other livestock,
making the country the highest livestock producer in the West African
sub-region.
During the post-colonial period in
Nigeria, both Federal Government and Regional Governments as part of
their strategies to encourage the dairy industry development,
established several dairy-processing plants across the country and by
1975 after successfully upgrading the first herd of indigenous cattle
with imported Bos taurus specie, 69 cows were able to produce about 200,
000 litres of milk annually.
Alhaji Aliko Dangote, Chairman of
Dangote group, made an assertion that 98 per cent of all dairy products
consumed in the country are imported. He disclosed this when students of
the Executive MBA class of Lagos Business School visited the Dangote
Petrochemical Refinery in October of 2016.
Meanwhile, the Minister of Agriculture
and Rural Development, Chief Audu Ogbeh while addressing an audience at
the retreat on livestock and dairy development in Nigeria, in June 2016,
called for the abandonment of the nomadic way of raising cattle in
Nigeria, adding that steps were being taken to ensure quality and
quantity of milk and beef.
According to the minister, the steps
taken were establishment of ranches to be planted with imported
high-quality improved tropical grass varieties, cattle improvement
programme via artificial insemination, establishment of clusters of
dairy farms to be equipped with collection facilities and capacity
building for dairy farmers.
These assertions were, however, yet to be implemented.
Again, Ogbeh at a roundtable conference
in Abuja, themed ‘Milky Way to Development’ said, Nigeria’s national
dairy output per annum is 700, 000MT while the national demand is 1,
300MT annually, affirming that Nigeria is partnering with major national
and international stakeholders in the sector to bridge the deficit
thereby considerably reducing importation of milk by 2019.
But the President of the Commercial
Dairy Ranchers Association of Nigeria (CODA RAN), an umbrella body for
commercial dairy farmers in the country, Mal Muhammadu D. Abubakar said,
the major challenges of keeping up with dairy production in Nigeria are
lack of adequate energy, lack of cold chain infrastructure and lack of
stocks with high milk yield.
In addition, Abubakar lamented that
because sources of milk are scattered among the pastoralists, it is a
great challenge bringing the milk together and organising them into an
entity. He noted that lack of good rural/ feeder roads makes it
difficult to connect to either pastoralists or other commercial farmers
in the hinterlands.
Abubakar, who is also the MD/ CEO of L
& Z Integrated Farms Limited, a dairy farm engaged in the entire
value chain of dairy from production, processing to marketing outlined
that some countries provided a level playing ground to protect their
local dairy farmers by introducing higher tariffs on imported dairy
products into such countries, thereby allowing the local products to
compete favourably with such imported products.
Meanwhile in Nigeria, President of CODA
RAN, decried that tariff on dairy products importation is about 10 per
cent and plans are underway to cut it to five per cent while other
countries’ tariff is as high as 60 per cent.
He explained that the European dairy
farmers especially receive various types of support from their
governments like subsidy for the cows, export grants and also support
for acreage kept for pasture production for the animals.
“Collectively, these supports makes
their milk to be very cheap and when they import to Nigeria where all
these are non-existent, it makes our own dairy to be excessively
expensive. So even in our clime we can’t compete with these farmers that
are abroad,” he lamented.
He pointed out that Nigeria has to
exercise caution in signing of treaties with international communities
and also involve the necessary stakeholders before going into such
agreements.
“What do we export to those countries.
So how will this trade liberalisation benefit us? But they import dairy
products worth $1.3billion into our country annually.”
“A case that comes to my mind easily is
the European Partnership Agreement (EPA) that is currently being
circulated and considered for signing which will at the end of the day
make our market easily penetrable as against we trying to get into their
market,” he decried.
He, therefore, advised the government to
engage the private sector, and turnaround it policy in order to make
milk profitable in Nigeria, adding that once it is profitable, Nigerians
have the capacity to mop up excess milk.
Similarly, Mr Ilan Bones, Manager of
Milky-way Farm in Bokkos, Plateau State, affirmed that most dairy farms
in Nigeria use a percentage of imported powdered milk to make dairy
products because of the poor quality of fresh milk they get from
herdsmen.
He asserted that shortage of dairy farms
in Nigeria and seasonality of fresh milk, are the major limiting
factors to Nigeria’s dairy industry development.
In addition, Bones noted that using
hands by herdsmen to milk cows significantly affects the quality of the
milk, stating further that the time it takes to deliver the milk also
affects its quality which becomes a problem for milk processors.
Mr Bones advised government to organise
herdsmen into small farms and ensure milk collection is done
automatically and most importantly hygienically, and also provide
cooling devices to enable smooth supply of dairy factories with quality
milk.
In another vein, Mr Ishaya U. Gadzama,
who is a breeder/ nutritionist for the Dairy Research Programme of
National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Shika, Zaria
confirmed that the institute’s ‘Friesian Bunajis’ can produce up to
10litres of milk per day.
NAPRI is conferred with the mandate for
genetic and reproductive improvements of livestock species, including
cattle, sheep and goats, among others.
Gadzama said this breeds of cow are
artificially inseminated at nearly two years of age and calves give
birth at three years of age depending on their body weight.
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